Artificial intelligence application in advance healthcare decision-making

Abstract

AI is increasingly applied in healthcare provision to manage and analyse data, make decisions, and assist doctor–patient communications. Private providers have trialled the technology in NHS in analysing test results, determining the right treatment, and ensuring the escalation of patient care to the right specialist immediately. However, its application in advance decision-making for medical treatment has not been examined. This chapter explores the potentials and legal and ethical challenges arising from the use of artificial intelligence in the context of advance healthcare decision-making. It investigates concerns regarding the extent to which artificial intelligence systems are reflective of what people want, given that preferences change over time, often with paradoxical priorities. Issues arising from this consideration range from reliability, risks, and trust to autonomy in decision-making and future impact on doctor–patient relationships. An appropriate understanding of the potentials and challenges can guide approaches to better appreciate its use, assist doctors in implementing healthcare decisions, and for lawmakers to regulate this developing technology in healthcare provision.

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