Artificial intelligence and machine learning in healthcare: an ethical perspective

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been referred to as “fourth industrial revolution” with widespread global impact. It encompasses the application of engineering, computer science and related fields for developing smart machines which are capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. Machine learning (ML) remains a subdivision of AI which is depended on data-driven rules which are obtained from a large set of data. Based on the sample data, decisions can be made with minimum human intervention. It is known to bring about a paradigm shift in the field of healthcare by enhancing the analytics approach as well as expanding the availability of data related to healthcare. Understanding the ways in which AI technologies perform and help in improving efficiency and safety of health services is imperative for its far-reaching applicability. The overall efficacy of AI in healthcare and medicine makes it more likely to get integrated into regular clinical care in the coming years. Regardless of the numerous merits associated with the AI-driven technologies, its implementation in healthcare sector raises several ethical concerns. This chapter focuses on the fundamental information regarding AI and ethical dilemmas associated with it that need to be tackled for the establishment of AI in the complex healthcare space.

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