Fair Use of Augmented Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence in the Preparation and Review of Submissions to the Society of Critical Care Medicine Journals: Critical Care Medicine, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, and Critical Care Explorations

Abstract

The first official journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), Critical Care Medicine, launched in 1973.At that time, all submissions were typescripts.During the next decade, standalone word processors predominated as tools for the preparation of submissions.During the 1990s, personal computers became the preferred tool for the preparation of most scientific prose, including submissions for review in professional journals.In addition to word processing, personal computers expedited data analysis and the preparation of tables and illustration.The software enabling these common clerical tasks soon acquired features that guided and even enhanced preparation of submission.Such early features included spell checkers and grammar checkers, as well as "wizards" that would recommend the use of specific statistics.At the turn of the century, it was standard practice to cite in the Methods section the source and version of common office software (i.e., word processors, spreadsheets, and simple statistical programs) used in preparation of submissions.These tools augmented the intelligence of authors and are now in routine use during the preparation and refinement of manuscripts.Of note, these tools functioned (and continue to function) on personal computers even when isolated from the internet.During the 2010s, there was great progress in the development and use of artificial intelligence.Some of that intelligence is created as scholarly work, for example the creation of models using the principles and tools of machine learning and deep learning that search for relationships among data toward forecasting an outcome.Some of that intelligence is used to design and generate a research product, such as (computer) code, implantable device, or targeting drug.Use of artificial intelligence in the performance of the research itself is fair, and authors are already generally aware that their use of artificial intelligence in performing their studies must be reported as methodology.However, there is a large and growing body of artificial intelligence that is increasingly applied to the creation and review of research/literature submissions.The purpose of the following fair use statements is to clarify the position of the SCCM journals regarding the fair use of this new artificial intelligence in the creation and assessment of the prose, tables, and figures that become a submission to the SCCM journal family.

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