Doctoral Researchers' Perspectives on Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence in Education Through the Lens of the PAPA Framework

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education offers opportunities for personalized and accessible learning but raises critical ethical concerns. This study examines doctoral researchers' perspectives on these issues using the PAPA (Privacy, Accuracy, Property, and Accessibility) framework. Semi-structured interviews revealed 10 themes and 23 subthemes, highlighting concerns about data privacy, ownership, consent, and transparency. Participants stressed the need for robust ethical guidelines to address risks such as breaches, bias, and unequal access while ensuring AI supports rather than undermines academic integrity and autonomy. The findings emphasize ethical frameworks as essential for responsible and inclusive AI integration in education.

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