Is Artificial Intelligence (AI) Completely Transforming Dentistry - A Literature Review

Abstract

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming modern dentistry by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, optimizing treatment planning, and improving clinical and administrative efficiency. This literature review explores the evolving role of AI across multiple dental specialties, including diagnostic dentistry, orthodontics, prosthodontics, endodontics, dental public health, oral radiology, education, and robotic-assisted procedures. Traditionally, dental care has relied heavily on manual diagnostics and conventional radiographic interpretation, which are time-consuming and prone to human error. AI-driven technologies—such as machine learning, deep learning, convolutional neural networks, and artificial neural networks—have demonstrated high accuracy in tasks including caries detection, radiographic interpretation, oral cancer screening, tooth segmentation, implant planning, and prediction of treatment outcomes. Beyond clinical applications, AI contributes significantly to digital workflows, enhancing record management, improving scheduling, and supporting personalized patient care. Despite these advancements, challenges remain related to data quality, algorithm transparency, bias, privacy, ethical concerns, and the need for large, diverse datasets to ensure generalizability. Responsible integration, continuous validation, and ethical oversight are essential to maximize the benefits of AI while safeguarding patient care and equity in dentistry.

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